今天来实现网站的登入和登出功能。

首先我们需要在urls.py中添加路径，注意此处的路径和在导航栏中设置的文字路径保持一致：

from django.urls import pathfrom . import viewsapp_name = 'main' #此处为了urls的命名空间urlpatterns = [    path('', views.homepage, name='homepage'),    path('register/', views.register, name='register'),    path('logout/', views.logout_request, name='logout_request'),    path('login/', views.login_request, name='login_request'),]

在view.py中添加登出和登入的函数，登出的函数非常简单，只需要使用logout函数登出并给出登出成功的信息，然后导向主页即可。登入函数需要使用新的表单AuthenticationForm，并判断用户是否存在，如果存在则登入并进入主页，如果不存在则给出错误信息：

from django.shortcuts import render, redirectfrom django.http import HttpResponsefrom .models import Tutorialfrom django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm, AuthenticationFormfrom django.contrib.auth import login, logout, authenticatefrom django.contrib import messages# Create your views here.def homepage(request):    return render(request=request,             template_name='main/home.html',            context={
   'tutorials':Tutorial.objects.all})def register(request):    if request.method == 'POST':        form = UserCreationForm(request.POST)        if form.is_valid():            user = form.save()            username = form.cleaned_data.get('username')            messages.success(request, f"New account created: {username}")            login(request, user)            return redirect('main:homepage')        else:            for msg in form.error_messages:                messages.error(request, f"{msg}:{form.error_messages[msg]}")            return render(request=request,                template_name='main/register.html',                context={
   'form':form})    form = UserCreationForm    return render(request=request,            template_name='main/register.html',            context={
   'form':form})def logout_request(request):    logout(request)    messages.info(request, f"Logged out successfully!")    return redirect('main:homepage')def login_request(request):    if request.method == 'POST':        form = AuthenticationForm(request=request, data=request.POST)        if form.is_valid():            username = form.cleaned_data.get('username')            password = form.cleaned_data.get('password')            user = authenticate(username=username, password=password)            if user is not None:                login(request, user)                messages.info(request, f"You are now logged in as {username}")                return redirect('main:homepage')            else:                messages.error(request, f"Invalid username or passowrd.")        else:            messages.error(request, f"Invalid username or passowrd.")    form = AuthenticationForm    return render(request=request,            template_name='main/login.html',            context={
   'form':form})

登入登出及信息显示如下，第二幅图显示“You are now logged in as xiaohonghong”，这个就是toast的效果：

 

 

 

与之前的几节不同，我在这里修改了导航栏的颜色，并添加了container效果，修改方法如下，通过style设置背景颜色，将container加入到div的class中：

现在使用的注册表单是materialize默认的，我们希望注册的时候可以加入邮箱这个选项，这样忘记密码的时候就可以通过邮箱来找回密码，如何自定义注册表单呢？方法如下，在main文件夹下新建forms.py：

from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationFormfrom django import formsfrom django.contrib.auth.models import Userclass NewUserForm(UserCreationForm):    email = forms.EmailField(required=True)    class Meta:        model = User        fields = ("username", "email", "password1", "password2")    def save(self, commit=True):        user = super(NewUserForm, self).save(commit=False)        user.email = self.cleaned_data.get('email')        if commit:            user.save()        return user

然后将views.py中的UserCreationForm修改为NewUserForm即可，在浏览器点击Register得到如下界面，可以看到email这一样出现了：

参考链接：

[1] https://pythonprogramming.net/user-login-logout-django-tutorial/?completed=/messages-django-tutorial/